Compounds
General
Greater than
suffix -mor "great" to specify a greater amount/degree of a noun or adjective
| Noun
|
Meaning
|
Modified Noun
|
New Meaning
|
| chel
|
"cool"
|
chelmor
|
"cold"
|
| zindu
|
"house"
|
zindumor
|
"manor"
|
| sel
|
"sea"
|
selmor
|
"ocean"
|
|
|
|
lermor
|
"gorge"
|
| gelv
|
"cave"
|
gelvmor
|
"cavern"
|
Less than
suffix -ban "little" to specify a lesser amount/degree of the noun or adjective
| Noun
|
Meaning
|
Modified Noun
|
New Meaning
|
| sel
|
"sea"
|
selban
|
"bay"
|
| fal
|
"river"
|
falban
|
"creek/brook"
|
| lerban
|
"fissure"
|
Area of type
remove end vowel and suffix -ren "land" to specify an area consiting of the type of noun or adjective
| Noun
|
Meaning
|
Modified Noun
|
New Meaning
|
| mod
|
"tree"
|
modren
|
"woodland"
|
| neflor
|
"train"
|
nefloren
|
"training ground"
|
| nama
|
"salt"
|
namadren
|
"salt flats"
|
Full of, or filled with
suffix -ta "full"
| Noun
|
Meaning
|
Modified Noun
|
New Meaning
|
| crof
|
"bush"
|
croftan
|
"brush"
|
| selban
|
"bay"
|
selbanta
|
"cay"
|
| din
|
"no/not/zero"
|
dinta
|
"empty"
|
| av
|
"eye"
|
avtai
|
"stars" (see seordav "eclipse" [dark + eye])
|
Person of type (occupation)
suffix -ger "person"
| Noun
|
Meaning
|
Modified Noun
|
New Meaning
|
| tyval
|
"theft"
|
tyvalger
|
"thief"
|
| lasa
|
"noble"
|
lasager
|
"nobleman"
|
Young type of thing
suffix -wen "young"
| Noun
|
Meaning
|
Modified Noun
|
New Meaning
|
| ger
|
"person"
|
gerwen
|
"child"
|
| andu
|
"day"
|
anduwen
|
"morning"
|
| lasa
|
"noble"
|
lasawen
|
"heir"
|
| night
|
"surmi"
|
(inflected) sumiwen
|
"evening"
|
Construables
Negative type of thing
suffix -isi (construed "unwelcome/unwanted/dangerous/negative")
| Noun
|
Meaning
|
Modified Noun
|
New Meaning
|
| lort
|
"plant"
|
lortisi
|
"weed"
|
| dyr
|
"animal" (construed)
|
dyrisi
|
"beast" (see dyrgelv "den")
|
Time of thing
suffix -dor (construed "time")
| Noun
|
Meaning
|
Modified Noun
|
New Meaning
|
| jeol
|
"ice"
|
Jeoldor
|
"Winter"
|
| anla
|
"sun"
|
Anlador
|
"Summer"
|
| sca
|
"before" (construed)
|
scador
|
"prepare"
|
Questionables
- batar, dotar, hentar "left, right (dir), crossroad", hen "road"
- not sure how to interpret this...
Inflections
Adjectives
Compounding nouns with adjectives
- Li denenshonarthe... "The warm king..." (the king warm)
- Sa li denenshon arthe. "The king is warm" (be-pres the king warm)
- Phopher li denenshona'phopher. "The dreaming king dreams" (dream the king dreaming)
Adjectives to Adverbs (Common -ly)
No inflection of the adjective, simply add to end of the sentence to modify
- (assume Heyor == 'greet (v)' from Heyo "hello")
- Heyor li denenshonchel Juli. "The cool king greets Juli"
- Heyor li denenshon Juli chel. "The king greets Juli cooly"
Make appearance of, make into (Common -en), suffix -(a)fi
| Adjective
|
Meaning
|
Modified Adjective
|
New Meaning
|
| rom
|
"broad"
|
romafi
|
"broaden"
|
| atila
|
"gold (metal)"
|
atilafi
|
"golden (metal)"
|
Nouns
Verbification
If ending with a vowel, suffix -r
| Noun
|
Modified Noun
|
New Meaning
|
| phofe
|
phofer
|
"dream (v)"
|
| ferse
|
ferser
|
"sleep (v)"
|
If ending with a vowel+consonant, replace consonant with -r
| Noun
|
Modified Noun
|
New Meaning
|
| achol
|
achor
|
"fear (v)"
|
| abues
|
abuer
|
"love (v)"
|
==== If ending with a double-consonant, suffix -er
| Noun
|
Modified Noun
|
New Meaning
|
| gweld
|
gwelder
|
"kill (v)"
|
Adjectification
| Noun
|
Meaning
|
Modified Noun
|
New Meaning (Adjective)
|
| elba
|
"gloom"
|
elban
|
"gloomy"
|
Verbs
Nominalization
TODO
Conjugations
Transitive Verbs
are modified by tense
Gweldke Juli li denenshon.
TV S Det DO
"Juli killed the king"
(Kill-did Juli the king)
Intransitive Verbs
are modified only as a tense participle when using copulas (be)
Sa Juli a'gwelder. "Juli is killing."
Cop S IV
Axiliary Constructions
Progressive Examples
progressives using transitive verbs, you may want to use auxiliary verbs for tense
e.g., sa "be-present", sake "be-past", and saal "be-future"
past progressive
| Sake li denenshon a'gwelder.
|
"The king was killing"
|
(be-past the king killing)
|
| Sake gaena a'gwelder.
|
"They were killing"
|
(be-past they killing)
|
past progressive + past participle
| Sake li denenshon a'sa gwelder.
|
"The king was being killed"
|
(be-past the king being kill)
|
present progressive
| Sa li denenshon a'gwelder.
|
"The king is killing"
|
(be-pres the king killing)
|
| Sa gaena agwelder.
|
"They are killing"
|
(be-pres they killing)
|
present progressive + past participle
| Sa li denenshon a'sa gwelder.
|
"The king is being killed"
|
(be-pres the king being kill)
|
future progressive
| Saal li denenshon a'gwelder.
|
"The kill will be killing"
|
(be-fut the king killing)
|
| Saal gaena a'gwelder.
|
"They will be killing"
|
(be-fut they killing)
|
| Saal gaena a'tyvar urfe naen.
|
"They will be stealing all afternoon"
|
(be-fut they stealing afternoon all)
|
present simple
| Gwer tema Gamgweth?
|
"You speak Gamgweth?"
|
| Gwer tema Gamgweth
|
"You speak Gamgweth" or imperative "(You) speak Gamgweth"
|
Sentences without copulas are not good, because there is not a distinction between the third person present tense and the second person imperative, "(You) kill Juli."
| Gwelder Juli.
|
"Juli kills" or "Kill Juli"?
|
| Gwelder ama.
|
"I kill" or "Kill me"?
|
| Karke Juli gwelder.
|
"Juli has killed" or "Have Juli killed"?
|
In this case, the default should imply the imperative is intended, and instead use modal conjugations when describing activities
| Gwelderal Juli.
|
"Juli will kill"
|
| Gelderke Juli.
|
"Juli has killed"
|
Use of modal esar "do":
| Esar Juli gwelder.
|
"Juli does kill"
|
| Esar ama gwelder.
|
"I do kill"
|
| Esar tema gwer Gamgweth?
|
"Do you speak Gamgweth?"
|
| Esar ama gwer Gamgweth.
|
"I do speak Gamgweth"
|
Example With Adjective vs. Adverb:
| Esar ama gwer Gamgwethahle.
|
"I do speak beautiful Gamgweth"
|
| Esar ama gwer Gamgweth ahle.
|
"I do speak Gamgweth beautifully"
|
past simple
| Esarke Juli gwelder.
|
"Juli did kill"
|
future simple
| Gwelderal Juli.
|
"Juli will kill"
|
| Sa Juli hevor ri gwelder.
|
"Juli is going to kill"
|
Perfect Progressive Examples
use of kar sa "have + be" with tense participle verbs (-ing)
present perfect progressive
| kar li denenshon sa a'gwelder.
|
have been killing"
|
(has-pres the king be killing)
|
past perfect progressive
| karke li denenshon sa a'gwelder.
|
"The king had been killing"
|
(has-past the king be killing)
|
future perfect progressive
| karal li denenshon sa a'gwelder.
|
"The king will have been killing"
|
(has-fut the king be killing)
|